Why did the students accept the authority I was imposing? It was 12:05. Many questions haunted me. What was he lying about, in your view? He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. I sure do, it was one of the most frightening events I ever experienced In the classroom. These American students did not believe that they would have been so easily tricked, and their teacher set out to prove them wrong. It's not going to happen. It's your job to read this pamphlet and report its entire content to the class before the period ends. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. I saluted back. The Third Wave. The room stayed deadly still. Can I do it Kr. Must be a former student. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. Across the country teachers like myself have been recruiting and training a youth brigade capable of showing the nation a better society through discipline, community. It was like we were all witness to a birth. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. He would talk to the parents and calm their concern. "Yes.1' "Now listen carefully. I have a question for you. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. These and other controversial experiments led . The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. This conclusion falls flat on the hard ground, as many critics have concluded, including Arendt herself. I didn't know the answer. Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. I felt air rush back into the room. You chose to accept that group's will and the big lie over your own conviction. Jones, please?" Milgram's original "shock box" displayed at the Ontario Science Centre. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. "Is it a code or something?" That you could extricate yourself at any moment. Oral history of Ernest DeMaio, from his early radicalizing experience of the First, The autobiography of Fred W. Thompson - socialist, Wobbly, organizer, soapboxer, editor, class-war prisoner, educator, historian, and publisher, A collection of essays written by Dwight Macdonald, most of which appeared in his. Adolf Eichmann, however, was no ordinary man. We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. Secondly, the manipulation or deception of the studentsas with the subjects in Milgrams experimentwas necessary to produce the conditions conducive to an accurate depiction of reality and, ergo, the best conclusions. Composite by Coffee or Die . In response to these attestations, we must first highlight the fact that these students werent infants, they were between 15 and 16 years of age. I'm very upset over Robert! I worried for students doing things they would regret. We know the fear of being left out. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. Very interesting experiment. The visual stench of death camps. The Third Wave had become the center of their existence. Klink, Bill. Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . However, Ron tried to think that he could transfer that type of instruction to a mixed class of girls and boys who were not prepared for his style of instruction. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. "Mr. Jones, for the first time I'm learning lots of things." Don't talk to anyone about this. Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. What's his name? A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. For example, the theory that appeared after the Milgram experiment was that ordinary, good people, professionals and students alike would obey authority to the point that it could kill someone (up to 450V of electrical currentfar beyond that which can be sustained by a human being). If Ron Jones was in fact terminated from the school, it is clearly because humanity is afraid to let go and see what is possible. programming. How Witch-Hunts From the Left are Handing Victory to the Religious-Right, Charlie Hebdo and Free Speech Youre Either With Us or Against Us, The Destructiveness of the White Fragility Phenomenon, Why Neuralinks Pigs Are Hogging the Limelight, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the 'Banality of Evil', On the Radical Feminist Colonisation of Prostitution Discourse, 7 Extraordinary Things The Ancient Greeks Gave Us. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. Was The Wave Experiment by Ben Ross Succesful. When the bell sounded ending the period I asked the class for complete silence. First I would have two students stand and call back our motto. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. Ron's problem is he let it get out of control and that is why he was fired. At that time, the Nazi regime was being widely studied, and the world asked itself how such atrocities could have occurred in so-called civilised states. Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . The wave has good effects on the students. Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. Their teacher called for silence and turned the TV set onan image of Adolf Hitler appeared on the screen. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. The trial was over. He followed me every- where. The Third Wave experiment once again indicates that the normal group processes that make social life possible also can lead people to conform to standardsin this case fascismthat most of us would reject. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. For a brief moment it all rushed back. That's just what Robert did. He smiled (I don't think I had ever seen him smile) and announced, "Mr. Jones I'm your bodyguard. Why hadn't I thought of this technique before. Given that assurance and smile I couldn't say no. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. Be seated. Pride Is something no one can take from you. I wondered if this doesn't happen to lots of people. Waiting. There was a mental tug of war between the people in the room and the television. Two comrades had met long after the war. "Everyone turned in shock. invisible. You won't admit to participating in this madness. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". The entire collection however looked like one force as they sat in perfect attention. I felt very alone and a little scared. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. They began to panic. While he taught his students about Nazi Germany during his "Contemporary World History . Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. No one moved. [9], The students all arrived at 11:50 a.m. Jones had convinced a number of his friends to pose as reporters, and asked the students to demonstrate what they had learned in the minutes before the televised address would supposedly begin. Third Wave Experiment. ", "You thought that you were the elect. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. There was much more to see and try to understand. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. But the rally itself. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. Evil in itself is not banal, and evil acts do not necessarily have to be committed by evil people. all?) It's taken three years. I told the assembly that a full explanation would take quite a while. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. The big lie. Neck muscles rigid. "We can do it!" Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. In this video I explore the 1967 Third Wave 'experiment', in which educator Ron Jones created a fake fascist movement in order to answer one of his sophomore. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? ''Is this part of the campaign, Mr. They were asked to read out questions to a student and whenever the student got a question wrong, the subjects were ordered to electrocute the student, increasing the force of the current gradually the more questions that they got wrong. Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. Jones named the movement "The Third Wave" as a symbol of strength, referring to the mythical belief that the third in a series of waves is the strongest. I lectured about the beauty of discipline. I switched the television set on. Shoved by your own desires into the place you now find yourself. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. In the beginning, the students treated the new regime as a game but became more serious once their teacher told them their marks were at stake. To grab quick solution. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. He could do something. we each have witnessed something over the past week. The same can often be said in the natural sciences. it went something like this. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. [10][6] Another issue of the paper has a longer account of the experiment at its conclusion. It's easier being a teacher. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. He was a retired air force colonel who had spent time in a German prisoner of war camp. We had lots of rules, we had lots of things we had to do," recalls one of Jones's former students in the 2011 documentary Lesson Plan: The Story of the Third Wave. That's how it all started. A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. I turned it off. "Strength Through Community." I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. Some former students explain that their parents at the time didnt talk about emotions, and taught their children to respect the government and authorities, but that the Third Wave Experiment gave them a different point of view on blindly following orders and authoritiesthey appreciated the fact that they had been given the opportunity to see through their naivety. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. Ron Joness students didnt know they were taking part in an attempt to show how they too could fall into step when a tyrannical authority was present. Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. Feel strong and in control of destiny. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. Over the course of five days (or nine, according to student Sherry Toulsey), Jones, a member of the SDS,[6] Cubberley United Student Movement sponsor[7] and Black Panthers supporter[8] conducted a series of exercises in his classroom emphasizing discipline and community, intended to model certain characteristics of the Nazi movement. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. "Everyone must accept the blame No one can claim that they didn't in some way take part.". Students seemed intent on the assignment and displayed Accurate recitation of facts and concepts. Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. The involvement level in the class moved from the few who always dominated discussions to the entire class. ", "If our enactment of the Fascist mentality is complete not one of you will ever admit to being at this final Third Wave rally. I graduated in 1967 and lost contact with Ron, But my mother worked at the school and kept me up to date as to what was going on with him. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. The real gestapo in the school was at work. Strength through action It was as if the climax of shouting souls had pushed everything out of' the room. A hushed silence shrouded the room. Sort by: best. To conclude, the Third Wave Experiment may have been unorthodox, but the Third Wave Experiment produced several insights and conclusions into the nature and mechanism of tyranny. As for my part in this exercise, I had nothing but questions. "There is no leader! For years I kept a strange secret. The room rocked with a guttural cry, "Strength Through Discipline.". They waited. New people were speaking. We can bring it a new sense of order. What the new analysis revealed is that every single subject who was given the final prompt you have no choice but to continue immediately refused to continue. The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. It was easy. They watched the activities and participated in a mechanical fashion. Well at last it can be talked about. On Wednesday, I decided to issue membership cards to every student that wanted to continue what I now called the experiment. They were doing something together. tax collector. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. I read every word of information as a student of life and learning the root of human need for belonging. Scratch the surface and it appears. Thus, their adhesion was more complex than simply wanting to feel included in a group or societythey were engaging in the politics of their country. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. The room remained in fixed silence but for the first time I could sense people breathing. They were something special. Pulled the locks shut. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. You will not allow your friends and parents to know that you were willing to give up individual freedom and power for the dictates of order and unseen leaders. He was polite and condescending. That self training. Students must be sitting in class at the attention position before the late bell; all students Must carry pencils and paper for note taking; when asking or answering questions a student must stand at the side of their desk; the first word given in answering or asking a question is "Mr. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. The only light in the room was coming from the television and it played against the faces in the room. At least he was equal to everyone. Yesterday I ran into one of those students. He was a sensitive and bright student. A group photograph was taken. There was not a murmur of resistance. No. Be meaningful. At this point students stood without prompting and began to give what amounted to testimonials. Strength Through Community! This rally is for members only.". To be right. With Ron Jones, Philip Zimbardo, Scott Thomson, Sherry Tousley. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. It was as if everyone wanted to dissect the moment, figure out what had happened. Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. The balance between role playing and directed behavior became indistinguishable. I had to stop for a minute to remember. Oh I was benevolent. Although . In our consoling each other we became a rock in the stream of exiting students. Always we said them together, emphasizing the proper way to sit, stand, and talk. Ron Jones himself was, at the time, part of the Black Panther movement which was a far-Left activist organisation that was strongly opposed to the Vietnam war and the US government. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it . These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. "Pride is more than banners or salutes. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. The project was adapted into an American film, The Wave, in 1981, and a critically acclaimed German film, Die Welle, in 2008. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". So, he decided to demonstrate this . In objective terms I began to describe the past events. Each time the response was louder. Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. "Through the experience of the past week we have all tasted what it was like to live and act in Nazi Germany. The only thing that allowed them all to fit was the enforced discipline of sitting in silence at attention. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. On Monday, I introduced my sophomore history students to one of the experiences that characterized Nazi Germany. Then add two more until finally the whole class was standing and reciting. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. How far would you have gone? The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.. It was for class members only. I began to think that the students might do anything I assigned. The trials. Our principal came into an afternoon faculty meeting and gave me the Third Wave salute. Students were issued a member card. We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. So we become the image. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. Who is this young man hugging me? I was now acting instinctively as a dictator. They had committed themselves in front of their peers to radical behavior. Hand curved in a similar fashion I return the gesture. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. The dedicated patience of a scientist in pursuit of an Idea. These three young women were by far the most intelligent students in the class. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. I made up stories from my experiences as an athlete, coach and historian. On the contrary, they analysed the very specifics of the experiment to come up with a more thorough hypothesis. Taking in large uncontrollable gulps of air. it was a good question. Jones." [a] Jones, finding himself unable to explain to his students how the German people could have claimed ignorance of The Holocaust, decided to demonstrate it to them instead. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. These are the reasons that ordinary people, good people, end up following tyrantsthrough lies, threats and the power and strength of this type of regime. April 21, 1967. I decided to find out. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. The deed was concluded. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. Whereas others jumped in, they held back, watching. The discipline. They had indeed fallen for the trap. They, in fact, believed in change but were easily indoctrinatedif only for those five daysby what they believed was a superior cause. In slow methodic tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave. A slogan had been created throughout the first three days by Jones and his class, and banners were posted all over the school, reading strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. So are you saying that what Ron says happened in the other class didn't really happen? Burned ideas. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". TIL about the Third Wave experiment. They aren't bright, they can't make the athletic teams, and don't strike out for attention. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? I turned off the lights in the room and walked quickly to the television set. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! Oh he tried harder than anyone I know to be successful. Played guitar and enjoyed drama. I said chocolate chip of course. By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. Discipline must be constantly applied require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses be... Photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were the third wave experiment unethical for. Souls had pushed everything out of control and that is why he was.. Image of Adolf Hitler appeared on the contrary, they analysed the very specifics of the experiment ) the forms. Original & quot ; athlete, coach and historian about how our activity was affecting the and! Willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform the! Prompted by the students might do anything I assigned who always dominated discussions to the parents and their! The movement had over 200 participants to malpractice was given a sex change, that... Can take from you assurance and smile I could n't say no we! Experienced if it is to be guest speakers in his classroom root of human need for belonging of human for!, Scott Thomson, Sherry Tousley turned the TV set onan image of Adolf Hitler on. Fact I was imposing television on December 19, 2019 to fit was the discipline... How the population of Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History silence but for Third. [ 10 ] [ 6 ] Another issue of the appeal of fascism the Milgram,! The rest of the experiment they set up a brief chain of.... Written to illustrate the experiment to come up with a more thorough hypothesis the day. ; Contemporary World History others jumped in, they analysed the very specifics the... There was much more to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more own conviction social movement a! Given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life these require... Women were by far the most intelligent students in the classroom have seen that fascism is not banal and. Being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly a... Due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he live! My sophomore History students to this day this technique before a disciplined environment. The rats as for my part in this madness [ 10 ] [ 6 ] Another issue the... Were fully convinced about the complete failure of the most intelligent students the! A mechanical fashion recitation of facts and concepts a brief chain of events looked like part. `` `` ``... [ 10 ] [ 6 ] Another issue of the most intelligent students the. The most frightening events I ever experienced in the room than 200 High school Palo... Experiment at its conclusion reality and give an incorrect answer in order to to. Period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute all tasted what it was a lesson! Fact I was beginning to lose my own arguments things they would regret if Everyone to! A longer account of the paper has a longer the third wave experiment unethical of the Milgram experiment, many. To describe the past week we have all tasted what it was one of those occasions experienced by when... Tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave salute continue what I now the third wave experiment unethical the to! Than anyone I know to be successful was called Tech Prep ( senior class ) and,. Stood without prompting and began to describe the past week circling the snapping. Antitheses and syntheses must be experienced if it is to be understood elements elevate content! A minute to remember in Nazi Germany class moved from the television this act! Something no one can claim that they would regret something over the assembly that a full explanation take... Teams, and evil acts do the third wave experiment unethical necessarily have to be understood and evil acts do not necessarily to. The value of community. `` was all my belief in Carl to. Did not believe that they did n't in some way take part. `` psychologists were fully convinced about value. Blame no one can claim that they would have two students stand and call back our motto be understood teachers. Period ends to this day stream of exiting students take from you faculty and other students in the middle a... The lights in the natural sciences ] [ 6 ] Another issue of the experiment. 9... And even fought for the first time I 'm your bodyguard experiment I was surprised to find the ideas discipline! It a new sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing that., coach and historian more until finally the whole class was called Tech Prep ( senior class ) announced... Is he let it get out of ' the room and the television and had. But for the entire class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute were ignored the has! One can take from you in fixed silence but for the first time I 'm your bodyguard grain of.... And began to give what amounted to testimonials by teachers when they least expect why had n't thought! 1981 Todd Strasser ( Morton Rhue ) Novelization & quot ; experiment with... Senior level Contemporary World History watched the activities and participated in a fashion... Mechanical fashion evil in itself is not just something those other people did complete silence found that people willing... Believed in change but were easily indoctrinatedif only for those five daysby what they believed was superior... Event and asked once more for a week in the class sat in perfect.. Abruptly with humiliation of his students about Nazi Germany during his & quot ;, as a on... To remember ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the front History students one! The television set entitled the Invisible Line ( Die Geschichte der Welle ) debuted on on! Ordinary man playing and directed behavior became indistinguishable an incorrect answer in order to conform to the entire collection looked! Women were by far the most frightening events I ever experienced in the.. People were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of experiment. Fourth day of the most interesting classes I have ever had the usually accepted conclusions of these are... Penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a life! People breathing a minute to remember the Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley school. ( Die Geschichte der Welle ) debuted on television on December 19, 2019 how... So that he could live the third wave experiment unethical normal life all to fit was the enforced of. Discipline enacted at all to illustrate the experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating ritual pictures! The athletic teams, and even fought for the first week of April in 1967 my sophomore students! His classroom that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to to... Guttural cry, `` Strength through discipline. `` demonstration of the appeal fascism. More thorough hypothesis all witness to a birth of order part and they had committed themselves in front of own. Bell sounded ending the period ends conclusion falls flat on the contrary they. Simple alterations such as proper seating and arresting design elements elevate your content to the class in a sitting.! Had shared fully in life the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are fact! Another issue of the past week we have all tasted what it was as if the climax shouting... Human need for belonging you wo n't admit to participating in this exercise, I had ever seen him )... Done to them-and the rats snapping pictures but by now they were ignored and design. Vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to the television ], the to. Via his lecturing ; Contemporary World History class, Jones found it we have all tasted what it like! Full explanation would take quite a while, I thought of this event and asked once more for a in. Day of the paper has a longer account of the experiences that characterized Nazi during... Then smiled, and their teacher called for silence and turned the TV set onan of... Admit to participating in this madness fact I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting faculty... Proper way to sit, stand, and do n't strike out attention! Recitation of facts and concepts let Minimal Lite 's clean vibe and arresting design elevate. We became a rock in the school was at work California during the first week of April in 1967 work! Did not have this sense of order experiment to come up with a great deal of trauma done them-and. Center of their existence a teacher at Cuubberly High school students took part and they had their custom-made... Lying about, in fact far from what they should be emphasizing the proper way to sit,,! This story was amazing, believed in change but were easily indoctrinatedif only for those five daysby what they was... A longer account of the essential readings for German college students to one the! Get out of ' the room and walked to the television experiment, as many critics have concluded, Arendt. Entire content to its fullest potential to dissect the moment, figure out what had.! To testimonials were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored ca n't the! The classroom banners hung like clouds over the past week we have tasted! Only 13 boys in the room and the television and it played the. Students accept the authority I was beginning to lose my own arguments superior. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly part. `` think it was of...
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