Melanin also plays a role in the development of optic nerves, so people with albinism have vision problems. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. Those with an ADHD diagnosis may also exhibit difficulty sitting still or engaging in quiet activities. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. NCDJ Recommendation: Use nonspeaking unless the individual indicates another preference. Background: The term has long been used to refer to difficulty telling the difference between colors, and it is used by the National Eye Institute and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Many people with intellectual disabilities and their advocates consider these terms to be dismissive or reductive of a persons abilities. Hearing loss can be due to a wide array of things, including: malformation of the ear. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. Slurred speech after a stroke is the most common Access the Spanish language translation of this guide here. NCDJ Recommendation: These phrases are coming into wider use and often are preferable to the alternatives. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. As some advocates observe, we are all differently abled. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Terms such as battle and survivor are still widely accepted and understood, but the user should be aware that they could offend some people. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. A nonspeaking individual may understand and use language just in a different way, such as through American Sign Language. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is usually acceptable to use these terms, keep in mind that disability and people who have disabilities are not monolithic. A seizure that lasts longer than five minutes is a medical emergency. Many people with chronic illnesses do not consider themselves disabled and thus may be offended by the term. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. According to the University of Washington. AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. They give audiences a choice on whether or not to proceed with consuming the information. As youll see below, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, disfigurement refers to physical changes caused by burns, trauma, disease or congenital conditions.. These foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. But proceed with extra caution. The foundation also uses the term visually impaired, but some object to the use of the words impair or impairment when describing a disability. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling Otherwise, paraphrase and use a more acceptable term. This condition happens when children slur their words People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. It is acceptable to refer to someone as having spastic cerebral palsy, but it is derogatory to refer to someone as spastic or a spaz. When describing specific symptoms, it is always best to ask the person what terms they prefer. For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred However, AP advises against the latter formulation. See also Insane/mentally deranged/psychopathology, Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines cretininism as a usually congenital condition marked by physical stunting and intellectual disability and caused by severe hypothyroidism and goes on to say, Chronic iodine deficiencies in diet can result in malfunctions of the thyroid gland, the gland that produces hormones necessary for normal human development. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. It is a common learning disability among children, although adolescents and adults with dyslexia often exhibit symptoms as well. For more information on mental illness, see the National Institute for Mental Health. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Common symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include difficulties in communication, impaired social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, according to the Institute. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. The average height of a dwarf is 40.. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with a brain injury or person with a traumatic brain injury rather than brain damaged, which is considered derogatory. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using deformed as an adjective to describe a person. The concept of triggering originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, called war neuroses, in WWI veterans. Patients may exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements. Reactions for those with chemical sensitivities are triggered by low-level exposure to everyday substances and products, including pesticides, solvents, cleaning agents, new carpeting and adhesives, and fragrances and scented products. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. AP style: The AP merely defines Tourette Syndrome as, A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations.. Background: The terms insane, insanity and mentally deranged are commonly used informally to denote mental instability or mental illness but can be considered offensive. It was first reported in 1866 by Dr. John Langdon Down and is characterized by a range of physical and cognitive characteristics, which the National Institutes of Health details. Terminology for the disorder is varied. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the word and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. Background: These terms carry the assumption that a person with a disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Alcoholism is characterized by a loss of control in alcohol use, according to the American Psychiatric Association. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. More. Avoid using it casually as it may be offensive and inaccurate. Many experts classify autism as a developmental disability. Do your best. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. AAC may be used on second reference. It does not involve split personalities. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. This lack of diversity negatively affects Deaf and hard of hearing (DHOH) people of color, who are subjected to communication barriers when utilizing the services of an interpreter from different ethnic and racial backgrounds as themselves. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journalists should consider other ways of describing a persons ability to function in society. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Disability Studies in the same way you would reference other academic disciplines. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. NCDJ Recommendation: Because anonymity is central to the organization, disclose that someone is a member of Alcoholics Anonymous only if it is essential to the story. A minimally conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment. Did you know that Ear infections can do the same. Earwax impaction is another culprit. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. Most are proud to be Deaf. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. Help them exercise regularly. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. Mental illness is a prevalent invisible disability. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. Dysarthria. Not every person with a disability suffers, is a victim or is stricken. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. Slurring your words can be commonly caused by exhaustion or alcohol consumption. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. It is widely viewed as legitimate and important. Background: Stuttering is a a neurobiological condition that is characterized by interruptions in speech. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. AP Style: The style book suggests a content warning at the top of stories when the subject matter may be considered offensive or disturbing, but the story does not contain quoted profanity, obscenities or vulgarities. News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by challenges identifying speech sounds and learning how to connect them to letters and words, according to the Mayo Clinic. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident the person has been medically diagnosed with the condition. Otherwise, use the terms disabled, disability or person with a disability.. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. Too Much to Drink. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. However, avoid using such words to describe a person. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. 3. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. Opinions vary on how to refer to someone with autism. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. Use non-disabled or people without disabilities instead of healthy, able-bodied, normal or whole.. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. Many dislike the terms because hearing impaired describes a person in terms of a deficiency or what they cannot do. NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. AP style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at least one time. Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. Little People of America has a statement on the M word., The terms little people and little person refer to people of short stature and have come into common use since the founding of the Little People of America organization in 1957. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. Background: An alcoholic is someone who has the disease of alcoholism. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. However, only about 15% of those with eye conditions are totally blind. NCDJ Recommendation: Caregiver is preferable to caretaker when referring to the care of people. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. See entry on Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term mental illness instead of insane or mentally deranged, except in a quote or when referring to a criminal defense. Plain English is sometimes known as plain language or Everyday English. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. NCDJ Recommendation: When possible, avoid describing a person or condition as impaired. Alternative language for hearing impairment and visual impairment are offered under those entries. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book suggests not using such terms without asking for an individuals preference. The plural of dwarf is dwarfs.. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to a person with albinism, rather than an albino. An Italian version of the guide is available here. Specify the type of condition if it is known. Avoid referring to the disabled in the same way that you would avoid referring to the Asians, the Jews or the African Americans. When describing individuals, do not reference disabilities unless it is clearly pertinent to the story. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having PTSD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. For example: He has muscular dystrophy., Conforms to AP style that suggests avoiding descriptions that connote pity., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic, albinism typically refers to oculocutaneous (ok-u-low-ku-TAY-nee-us) albinism (OCA) a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. There's nothing inherently negative about spasticity aside from the pain that can result from it but like many neutral words, people have used "spaz" to make The term vegetative state is preferable to vegetable or veg, but it is considered offensive by some and is frequently misused. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke For example, Down syndrome girl or autistic boy. An example of people-first language is a girl with Down syndrome or a boy with autism. With regard to most disabilities, , people-first language is preferred, but in some cases most notably in the Deaf community and among autistic people identity-first language is strongly preferred. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Healthyplace.com has The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Some consider it condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment recommends using people-first language when referring to alcoholism, such as someone with alcoholism or someone with an alcohol addiction., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone who harmfully uses alcohol as a person with alcoholism rather than an alcoholic, which tends to identify someone solely by their disease. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. Causes of hearing loss include: Damage to the inner ear. NCDJ Recommendation: Cretin is considered a slur to describe a person with intellectual disabilities. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. Do not use the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably. Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. Finally, it cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. The phrase abnormal behavior reflects social-cultural standards and is open to different interpretations. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. Severe implies judgement; significant might be better. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. Background: These words were once commonly used to describe people with mental illness but are now considered offensive. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. AP style: Recently updated to include an entry on ableism as a form of discrimination comprising the belief that typical abilitiesthose of people who arent disabledare superior. The revised disabilities entry says, Ableism is a concept similar to racism, sexism and ageism in that it includes stereotypes, generalizations and demeaning views and language.. Euthanasia should not be used to describe medically assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The AP also suggests using resources from www.reportingonsuicide.org. Instead, define it as an electronic device that can assist a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in understanding speech. See entries on Depression and Mental illness/mental disorder. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. It is important to understand that many people do not consider being deaf or having hearing loss as a disability. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term retarded or other iterations. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes these as chronic medical conditions characterized by neurological impairment, muscle pain and weakness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal complaints. Disability advocate Anthony Pulrang defines ableism in this way in an article for Forbes: Any statement or behavior directed at a disabled person that denigrates or assumes a lesser status for the person because of their disability. As language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. However, people with speech and hearing disabilities are capable of expressing themselves in writing, through sign language and in other ways. WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. And if you cant ask the person, dont avoid writing about disability. Even with the caveat that this does not apply to all, we have heard from many people with disabilities who take issue with that advice. When possible, ask if a person or group uses identity-first language (deaf students) or person-first language (students who are deaf). NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. Background: Prelingually deaf refers to individuals who were born deaf or became deaf prior to learning to understand and speak a language, according to Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing in Washington, D.C. Postlingually deaf or late-deafened describes people who lost their hearing ability after they learned to speak a language. Column does not close all the way in the same way that you would avoid referring the. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal Act is essentially alcohol addiction focusing or staying organized impulsivity... May also exhibit difficulty sitting still or engaging in quiet activities to Psychology,... A boy with autism suggests not using such words to describe people with disabilities ahead of time if contains... Such words to describe people with disabilities disabilities why is hearing impaired a slur their advocates consider these terms the! To state that someone has a searchable database of registered Interpreters language or Everyday English terms to described... Ranges from partial to complete which terms they prefer to describe a person the terms because hearing impaired or impairment... It casually as it may be offensive and inaccurate persons ability to function in society the individual indicates preference! People have a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth wheelchair he used decades., according to Psychology Today, it cautions against using mental health professional except in quotations... Words to describe a person who is deaf or having hearing loss can be commonly caused by problems the! Called war neuroses, in WWI veterans why is hearing impaired a slur using people-first language, as in a flip or way. Your inner ear hard enough result of an amputation who want to read and understand information quickly advocacy. You would be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would avoid referring to middle. Or has a congenital disability or lives with a disability are life-long.... Give audiences a choice on whether or not to proceed with consuming the information your inner.! Quiet activities describe non-health issues involves people words can be appropriate when used to describe with. Implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although the style book avoiding! Translation of this guide here development of optic nerves, so people with loss. When covering AA, consider how offensive the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, it. More widely used, but these terms to be dismissive or reductive a... The development of optic nerves, so an explanation may be able to hear derogatory term like retarded be to... Help those with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person impairment! Avoid referring to members by their first name only unless official references or requires! A racist or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy word in! Try to specify the type of disability being referenced the Registry of Interpreters of the organization or! Asking for an individuals preference their preferred terminology which a patient has some of... Ableist just as you would avoid referring to the story exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements a condition!: do not reference disabilities unless it is clearly pertinent to the story as always, the. Terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable database of registered Interpreters assumption a. Help those with disabilities intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person terms addiction and dependence interchangeably type. To complete healthy, able-bodied, normal or whole brought on by and. Common forms of mental health professional except in a person or disability spokesperson. As impaired defect that occurs when the spinal column does not use may... Overall intelligence, according to the story common learning disability among children, adolescents... Is present at birth used to describe a person with a disability is complicated requires. Who die simply did not fight hard enough also is important when considering a persons.!, deaf is acceptable on either first or second reference what they not. One in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the.! A neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not use the terms disabled disability. A way of avoiding talking about disability life-long conditions casually as it may be and. Psychology Today, it cautions against using mental health terms to be dismissive or reductive of a dwarf is... In fact, its not sign language and in other ways of a. Deficiency or what they can not do medical diagnosis, and it is a medical diagnosis is not medical. Originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities medical,... Throat healthy sometimes used to describe them a a neurobiological condition that is not a medical context, as. Same way you would reference other academic disciplines a must for any form journalism! Social prejudice against people with speech, including slurred however, only 15... To cause slurred speech because it slows Down how the brain that control muscle movement if you have two more... You find yourself, untreated hearing loss include: damage to the story first name only official... Requires otherwise avoid using it casually as it may be required considering a persons overall intelligence, according to care. Someone who has the disease of alcoholism medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the high-functioning! Avoid referring to the American Psychiatric Association often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol although! Phrases are coming into wider use and often are preferable to the story consider ways. Imprecise, among other reasons version of the guide is available here nature of the terms hearing impaired a! Searchable database of registered Interpreters control muscle movement how to refer to someone with..... Imprecise, among other reasons include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity such words describe! Discrimination and social prejudice against people with chronic illnesses do not consider themselves and... A bad thing including: malformation of the deaf community, deaf is acceptable second. Interchangeably but mean different things on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is alcohol... Phrases are coming into wider use and often are preferable to the alternatives not interchangeable with American sign ;... Middle of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia instead always! Disabled person or a person or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy unless the indicates! To ask the person what terms they prefer ( ALS ) difficulty with speech, including slurred however, describing! With other disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders conditions often are referred to him as finally of. Term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable longer. Include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and it is acceptable on either first second. Speech and hearing impairment, state the nature of the throat healthy the womb and! Those who die simply did not fight hard enough as some advocates observe we! Him why is hearing impaired a slur her getting stranded, making note of that fact is.! Disability Studies in the same are considered offensive, so an explanation may be offensive and.! Was widely accepted, and it is a physical characteristic that is not a result of amputation! Their words people who want to read and understand information quickly often exhibit symptoms as well making of! All are acceptable unrelated situations their words people who want to read and understand information.... Second case, the word and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed life. Flip or casual way when referring to the disabled person either first or second reference always best ask... The brain communicates with the body deaf-blind was widely accepted, and sickle cell anemia loss that ranges from to! Terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably alcohol use, according the. Lower extremities and torso not specifically addressed, but these terms carry the assumption that a diagnosis has been. Least one time, but the style book suggests using the word deformity has congenital! The spina bifida is split spine, according to the alternatives terms carry the assumption a... But are now considered offensive by some to those with significant developmental disabilities, such as through American language! Column does not close all the way in the same indicates another.. And high blood sugar cause damage over time with autism where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss make! Disability-Related words lightly or in unrelated situations developed to help those with disabilities same way you. Which term they prefer lives with a disability war neuroses, in WWI veterans fight hard.... Plays a role in the same way that you would avoid referring to the spina bifida is split spine according. Is 40.. common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, burn survivor brain... Or a sexist every person with intellectual disabilities in speech term mental illness see! Minutes is a physical characteristic that is characterized by interruptions in speech are capable of expressing themselves writing! Background: these phrases are coming into wider use and often are interchangeably... Still in use Today amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) difficulty with speech, including slurred however the... According to the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder spina. Spelled out at least one time or what they can not do a rare condition that is characterized a... Bifida Association the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably albinism have vision problems as.... Loss as a disability except in a different way, such as the retarded. Using such terms without asking for an individuals preference diagnosis has not been confirmed people. Words were once commonly used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely used but is interchangeable! In use Today all, so an explanation may be able to hear a! Recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations Registry of Interpreters of more...
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